Raphanus sativus

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Raphanus

daikon, radish, wild radish

Naturalized

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Coarse annual herbs 3–12 dm tall, freely branching, subglabrous to sparsely hispid.

Stems: Stems erect, branched.

Roots: Greatly thickened taproots.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate or rarely opposite. Blades lyrate–pinnatifid, lower leaves 10–20 cm long. Margins of upper leaves toothed. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in usually bractless, terminal racemes, occasionally solitary. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular, showy. Calyx of 4 sepals, deciduous, erect, usually oblong, sometimes the inner 2 with gibbous bases that hold the nectar, somewhat saccate at base, 9–10 mm long. Corolla of 4 petals; petals white to purplish, entire to emarginate, 15–20 mm long. Stamens (2–4)6(–16), tetradynamous, the inner 4 usually in pairs, sometimes connate at base in pairs; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; style 1, elongate, scarcely narrower than ovary; stigma capitate.

Fruit: Capsules divided into 2 cells by the usually thin and membranous septum; elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) and referred to as a silique; cylindrical; torulous; indehiscent; but breaking up into a series of segments at maturity; the upper part with 2–10 large seeds in 1 rows; separated by spongy transverse partitions; tapering above into a long persistent beak; body of silique 2–4 cm long; the beak 1–2 cm long. Seeds 2–4; globose; often becoming mucilaginous when wet; endosperm essentially absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 18

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

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Synonyms (98)

Raphanistrum gayanum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1838)

Raphanus acanthiformis Morel ex L.Sisley (1874)

Raphanus acanthiformis var. raphanistroides (Makino) H.Hara (1935)

Raphanus acanthiformis var. spontaneus (Nakai) Nakai (1952)

Raphanus acris Ser. (1845)

Raphanus caudatus L. (1767)

Raphanus chinensis Mill. (1768)

Raphanus gayanus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) G.Don (1839)

Raphanus indicus Sinskaya (1931)

Raphanus latourettianus Ser. (1845)

Raphanus macropodus H.Lév. (1912)

Raphanus macropodus var. spontaneus Nakai (1920)

Raphanus niger Mill. (1768)

Raphanus niger var. albus DC. (1821)

Raphanus niger var. vulgaris DC. (1821)

Raphanus oleifer Steud. (1841)

Raphanus orbicularis Mill. (1768)

Raphanus radicula (Pers.) Ser. (1845)

Raphanus radicula var. oblongus DC. (1821)

Raphanus radicula var. oleifera DC. (1821)

Raphanus radicula var. rotundus (Mill.) DC. (1821)

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. caudatus (L.) Thell. (1918)

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin (1910)

Raphanus raphanistrum subvar. niger (Mill.) Thell. (1918)

Raphanus raphanistrum var. exsuccus Thell. (1918)

Raphanus raphanistrum var. niger (Mill.) P.Fourn. (1936)

Raphanus raphanistrum var. radicula (Pers.) P.Fourn. (1936)

Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus (L.) Beck (1892)

Raphanus rotundus Mill. (1768)

Raphanus sativus convar. esculentus (Metzg.) Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus convar. hybernus (Alef.) Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus convar. minowase (Kitam.) Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus convar. oleifer Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus convar. radicula (Pers.) Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus f. albescens (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)

Raphanus sativus f. esculentus (Metzg.) M.Hiroe (1971)

Raphanus sativus f. exsuccus (Thell.) M.Hiroe (1971)

Raphanus sativus f. raphanistroides Makino (1909)

Raphanus sativus subf. albescens Makino (1940)

Raphanus sativus subf. niger (Mill.) M.Hiroe (1971)

Raphanus sativus subf. oleifer (DC.) M.Hiroe (1971)

Raphanus sativus subf. silvester (W.D.J.Koch) M.Hiroe (1971)

Raphanus sativus subsp. acanthiformis (Morel ex L.Sisley) Stank. (1985)

Raphanus sativus subsp. esculentus Metzg. (1841)

Raphanus sativus subsp. hybernus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus subsp. niger (Mill.) Lej. & Courtois (1831)

Raphanus sativus subsp. oleifer (Stokes) Metzg. (1841)

Raphanus sativus subsp. radicula (Pers.) Lej. & Courtois (1831)

Raphanus sativus subsp. sinensis Sazonova & Stank. (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. aka-daikon (Kitam.) Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. albus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. augustanus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. autumnalis Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. brunneus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. carneus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. caudatus (L.) Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. chinensis (Mill.) Boenn. (1824)

Raphanus sativus var. chloris Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. crininus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. fusiformis Stokes (1812)

Raphanus sativus var. gayanus Webb (1838)

Raphanus sativus var. griseus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. hortensis Backer (1907)

Raphanus sativus var. incarnatus Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. julianus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. leucoplax Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. lobo Sazonova & Stank. (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L.H.Bailey (1920)

Raphanus sativus var. melanoplax Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. melanops Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. minor J.Kern. (1788)

Raphanus sativus var. mougri H.W.J.Helm (1967)

Raphanus sativus var. napiformis Gray (1822)

Raphanus sativus var. niger (Mill.) J.Kern. (1789)

Raphanus sativus var. nonpinnatus L.H.Bailey (1920)

Raphanus sativus var. oblongus DC. (1821)

Raphanus sativus var. oleifer Stokes (1812)

Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers. (1806)

Raphanus sativus var. parvipinnatus L.H.Bailey (1920)

Raphanus sativus var. praecox Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. purpureus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. radicula Pers. (1806)

Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides (Makino) Makino (1917)

Raphanus sativus var. roseus Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. rotundus Gaudin (1829)

Raphanus sativus var. rubidus Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. salmoneus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. scarlatinosus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. sylvestris W.D.J.Koch (1856)

Raphanus sativus var. syrengeus Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. tristis Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. violaceus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. virens Sazonova (1985)

Raphanus sativus var. vitreus Alef. (1866)

Raphanus sativus var. vulgaris Gaudin (1829)

Raphanus sinensis Thunb. ex Pritz. (1866)

Raphanus stenocarpus Kitag. (1934)

Raphanus taquetii H.Lév. (1912)

Uses and Culture

USES

Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Only found in cultivation

Kaua'i Naturalized

O'ahu Naturalized

Molokai Naturalized

Kaho'olawe Naturalized

Maui Naturalized

Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Pollinators

Specimens

Conservation Status

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 669 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:412 (K, O, Mo, M, Ka, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:200 (KEY), 204 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo.	Scientific Name	Scientific Name Authorship	Locality	Habitat	Basis of Record	Recorded By	Record Number	Island	Source	Date

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